长三角绿色技术创新网络结构特征与优化策略

绿色技术创新作为区域技术创新体系的重要组成部分,是维持区域发展可持续性、增强区域竞争优势的重要驱动力.基于区域一体化的研究视角,通过采集长三角绿色技术专利合作及绿色技术转移数据,运用Gephi复杂网络分析方法,对长三角绿色技术创新网络进行结构分析.结果 表明:(1)长三角绿色技术创新网络发育程度较低,大量城市在绿色技术创新网络中较边缘化;(2)绿色技术创新依赖创新主体间知识互动,地理邻近促进了创新合作行为的产生和知识的扩散;(3)长三角绿色技术创新网络"强-强联系"与"核心-边缘"结构特征明显,绿色技术专利合作网络呈现"一超多强"的多中心格局,绿色技术转让网络呈现单中心格局;(4)区域一体化下,长三角绿色技术创新网络兼具邻近性和等级性特征,不同类型城市参与创新网络应有差异;进而,提出长三角绿色技术创新网络优化策略.创新点在于:建立了区域一体化与技术创新网络的关联,探讨了绿色技术创新的空间组织形式,强调了地理邻近对于绿色技术创新网络的重要性.     

基于"成本-能力-能效"的长江经济带城市韧性评估

通过构建城市韧性"成本-能力-能效"的评估模型,综合运用熵值法、主成分分析法、SBM模型、探索性空间数据分析和K-means聚类方法,对长江经济带126个城市的韧性进行综合定量评估,归纳总结城市韧性模式和聚类特征,并运用GWR模型分析影响韧性能力的成本因素,探究韧性效率的驱动机制.研究表明:(1)分维度来看,核心城市呈现韧性成本和韧性能力的"双高",韧性效率则由非核心城市引领.从均衡的角度来看,韧性成本、韧性能效具有明显的水平层级性,而韧性能力在城市间的分野相对不大.(2)综合来看,韧性成本和韧性能力随城市规模的扩张而逐渐增加,而韧性效率逐渐衰减;韧性模式具有明显的上中下游区际差异性:上游地区表现为"低耗低能高效",中游地区"低耗低能中效",下游地区为"高耗高能低效";韧性的空间联系兼有核心城市垂直极化和一般城市扁平抱团.(3)从机制看,全社会用电量、建成区面积和科技支出是影响城市韧性能力的主要成本因素,不同韧性模式的城市具有差异化的主控因素.研究对于完善城市韧性评价体系、丰富城市韧性评估视角和推动城市韧性建设具有重要的现实意义.     

Enhancing the adsorption function of biochar by mechanochemical graphitization for organic pollutant removal

• Mechanochemical treatment reduced the calcination temperature for biochar synthesis. • Biochar is converted to graphite after mechanochemical treatment. • Biochar was reduced to nanoscale after mechanochemical treatment. Biochar (BC) has been extensively studied as adsorbent for the treatment of water pollution. Despite the distinct advantages, the high calcination temperature and low adsorption capacity of pristine BC limit its practical applications. Most of the former studies focused on the structure and/or surface modification to improve the adsorption capacity of BC. However, the harsh experiment conditions involved in the biochar modification limited the application in industrial level. Herein, we introduced mechanical treatment into BC preparation to reduce the calcination temperature and improve the adsorption capacity simultaneously. The results indicated that the calcination temperature was reduced and the adsorption capacity of the treated BC was improved after mechanochemical treatment. Characterization of the samples disclosed that BCs were graphitized with the particle size reduced to nanoscale after treatment. Adsorption tests indicated that the mechanochemically treated BCs showed much better removal performance of organic contaminants than that of pristine BCs. For instance, among four pristine BCs (BC600, BC700, BC800, and BC900), only BC900 has strong adsorption capacity for MB, while BC600 has low adsorption capacity (1.2 mg/g). By comparison, the adsorption capacity of MB increased greatly to 173.96 mg/g by BC600-500/1 (treated at 500 r/min for 1 hour). To optimize the mechanochemical treatment, the effects of rotation speed and agitation duration were also investigated.     

蓝藻资源化技术研究及应用进展

针对蓝藻资源化问题,概述国内外利用蓝藻制备有机肥、提取高纯度藻蓝蛋白、制备活性炭和藻粉这4种利用方式的特点、现状及应用进展。提出,应从高温好氧堆肥技术、藻蓝蛋白提取技术和藻水分离技术这3个方面,解决其关键技术问题并进行进一步研究开发。     

地下铀矿山留矿法采场受限空间内氡迁移的数值模拟

为研究铀矿山留矿法采场氡迁移规律,依据留矿法采场的构造和物理几何尺寸,建立了受限空间内颗粒堆积型射气介质气体流动的数学模型和氡迁移方程,以10 m和20 m高爆破矿堆为对象,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了不同通风条件下采场中氡的迁移规律。结果表明:1)采场下行通风方式降低矿堆上部作业空间氡浓度的效果优于上行通风方式,但对采场运输巷道氡浓度的效果相反;采场排风氡浓度与采场通风风量成反比,氡析出份额与通风风量成正比;2)在相同通风风量下,10 m高爆破矿堆与20 m高爆破矿堆氡析出份额之差随通风风流量增长而逐渐缩小;3)均压通风对渗透率高(k=1×10-8m2)的采场排风氡浓度、矿堆氡析出份额有明显影响。     

Design,Modelling and Assessment of Emission Scenarios Resulting from a Network of Wood Biomass Boilers

The use of wood biomass as a fuel for domestic and industrial heating systems allows for a reduction of CO₂ emissions at a global scale, but it may also result in worse local air quality conditions, due to their emissions of particulate matter. The aim of this study is to assess the actual trend of atmospheric pollution in a study area, assuming that all heating systems are replaced by small size biomass boilers linked to the buildings through district heating network. Ground level concentrations of particulate matter, emitted by different heating systems, are therefore evaluated through numerical simulations performed by means of an atmospheric dispersion model (Sirane). As a first step, we have compared the environmental impact of a woodchip boilers network with that given by the use of traditional heating systems, i.e. wood stoves and natural gas boilers. As a second step, we have analysed the impact of such a network taking into account different emission scenarios, related to different boilers operating conditions. Results show that the environmental performances of a woodchip boilers network can be optimized by combining it with other renewable sources of energy devoted to the supply of hot water. The adopted analysis methodology can be applied to other real or hypothetic punctual sources on the territory.     

三峡库区消落带农用坡地磷素径流流失特征

消落带是三峡库区重要的生态交错带，但自发农用和无序开发可能会造成更多的氮磷流失，进而加剧三峡库区水体富营养化。通过对库区连续3 a的定位监测（2011~2013年），研究了三峡库区消落带农用坡地的磷素流失特征。结果表明：次降雨事件中常规施肥处理的地表径流、壤中流总磷平均浓度分别为0.848±0.153、0.140±0.006 mg/L，其中地表径流中磷的形态以颗粒态为主，壤中流以溶解态的生物可利用磷为主。常规施肥下，地表径流、壤中流磷素年均流失通量分别为0.236±0.004、0.100±0.003 kg·hm 2，地表径流、壤中流磷素流失通量分别占总流失通量的70.2%、29.8%，地表径流是坡地磷素流失的主要途径，但壤中流也是不可忽视的重要途径。与常规施肥处理相比，减量施肥处理地表径流、壤中流磷素流失量分别降低了45.3%、40.0%。建议采取减量施肥的方式，以降低营养盐负荷，保护水环境。     

Correction to: Opportunities to reduce nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea by improving manure use efficiency in agriculture

While progress has been made in reducing external nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea, further actions are needed to meet the goals of the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), especially for the Baltic Proper, Gulf of Finland, and Gulf of Riga sub-basins. We used the net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs (NANI and NAPI, respectively) nutrient accounting approach to construct three scenarios of reduced NANI-NAPI. Reductions assumed that manure nutrients were redistributed from areas with intense animal production to areas that focus on crop production and would otherwise import synthetic and mineral fertilizers. We also used the Simple as Necessary Baltic Long Term Large Scale (SANBALTS) model to compare eutrophication conditions for the scenarios to current and BSAP-target conditions. The scenarios suggest that reducing NANI-NAPI by redistributing manure nutrients, together with improving agronomic practices, could meet 54–82% of the N reductions targets (28–43 kt N reduction) and 38–64% P reduction targets (4–6.6 kt P reduction), depending on scenario. SANBALTS output showed that even partial fulfillment of nutrient reduction targets could have ameliorating effects on eutrophication conditions. Meeting BSAP targets will require addressing additional sources, such as sewage. A common approach to apportioning sources to external nutrients loads could enable further assessment of the feasibility of eutrophication management targets.

     

中国各省建筑业碳排放脱钩及影响因素研究

伴随着我国经济的快速发展,能源匮乏、气候变暖等问题日益突出。建筑业作为我国国民经济的支柱产业,面临碳排放较大和能耗较高等问题,是当前我国节能减排的重点领域之一。减少建筑业碳排放,对实现我国节能减排目标具有重大意义。本文按照IPCC碳排放核算方法,建立中国区域建筑业碳排放测算模型,基于30个省份2004-2011年的面板数据,测算了中国各省建筑业在此期间的碳排放量。在此基础上,利用Tapio脱钩模型分析了各省建筑业碳排放的脱钩状态,并运用LMDI方法对碳排放的影响因素进行分解分析。研究结果表明,我国各省建筑业碳排放量在整体上呈逐年上升的趋势,但省际间存在较大差异。各省间接碳排放量均占到总排放量的90%左右,是建筑业碳排放的主要来源。大部分省份处于碳排放的弱脱钩状态,其余省份处于扩张负脱钩状态和增长连接状态,尚未出现强脱钩的省份。建筑业能源碳排放强度效应、能源结构效应以及能源强度效应在样本期间内对碳排放产生负向影响,但影响效果较小,而间接碳排放强度效应和产业规模效应对碳排放产生正向影响,是碳排放的主要影响因素。本文建议,应通过加大绿色建筑材料的使用量、回收利用废旧建材、降低单位面积的建材消耗量、开发利用清洁能源、进一步优化能源结构等措施,来有效地降低建筑业的碳排放。相关部门可根据各省建筑业碳排放的差异性,有针对性地制定减排目标,出台差异化的建筑业发展政策。